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Centrifugal fans are used to move large amounts of air in ventilation systems. They are highly efficient, and can operate under a variety of conditions.
They can handle high air flow and pressure and are able to deal with wet or dirty air. This makes them ideal for industrial clean air applications.
Efficiency
The centrifugal force generated by the rotating impellers increases the kinetic energy of air/gases and creates pressure in the fan casing and outlet ducts. The kinetic energy is then converted into sound. The encasement of the impeller can alter the speed dependence of the sound radiation, so it is important to consider that when designing a system.
Axial fans generate less pressure than centrifugal fans, so they are used in situations where the air needs to be pure such as clean room ventilation. Often, they are also used to exhaust the atmosphere that contains light particulates such as dust. Axial fans usually have airfoil blades that provide maximum efficiency.
Noise
Centrifugal fans produce a lot of noise, which can be a real problem in certain applications. Fortunately, there are some ways to reduce this noise. For example, you can install a sound enclosure that houses the whole fan. This will help to lower the noise level, making your space more comfortable.
A major source of centrifugal fan noise is the interaction between the flow discharged from the impeller and the cutoff in the casing. This interaction causes tones at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics, which can be radiated to adjacent spaces.
The radiated tonal noise generated by centrifugal fans is a significant problem in industrial and commercial applications. To reduce this noise, the researchers designed and tested a new type of centrifugal fan with guide vanes that replace the stationary diffuser vane. This new design significantly decreases the strength of pressure fluctuation and tonal noise at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics.
Pressure
The pressure generated by a fan is a function of the volume it moves, the mechanical efficiency, and the power it consumes. The higher the CFM (air volume moved), the greater the air pressure that will be generated.
Noise is a factor that can also vary. A larger fan moving the same CFM will produce more noise, but this can be mitigated by proper placement in the system and mechanical isolation of the fan.
The pressure of a fan can also vary by ambient conditions. The actual pressure of a fan is the total static and dynamic pressure energy it exerts on the walls of the duct system due to the thermal motion of its molecules. When the air is at a different density than standard, it must be corrected by using an air density correction factor to properly size the fan. This will avoid over-sizing and wasted energy in power consumption.
Design
Centrifugal fans, also called blowers, create a high-pressure stream of air using blades mounted to a circular hub. They are commonly used in ventilation or exhaust applications and can be powered by AC (Alternating Current) or DC (Direct Current) motors.
Noise is generated by the movement of the blades and by acoustic resonance in the fan case. This can be mitigated by careful design, fan placement or the use of mechanical acoustic isolation.
The baseline lift fan impeller and double-discharge volute casing are structural constraints that must be maintained for the fan to maintain its shape. A refined CFD assessment of the airflow path and the gap between the stationary duct and the impeller shroud allows for improvements in the performance of the fan. This reduces the power required to achieve the specified discharge volume. These gains are larger at higher-than-standard elevations and temperatures. These changes are reflected in the efficiency, pressure and power ratings for fans as measured according to AMCA standard 210.
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